Enphase Energy
Lacks transparency. Publishes some details, but doesn't show its workers are paid and treated fairly.
Last researched 3 November 2026 · 6 sources
US maker of microinverters and home batteries, built by contract makers.
Until Enphase Energy traces the metals in its batteries to the mine, it can't show that the people who dig and refine them are free and fairly paid.
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Why it's graded Lacks transparency
- Not met: Meets 1 of 6 Good requirements.
- Holds the grade back: It relies on battery metals it can't trace to the mine. That alone means a poor grade until it takes steps to trace them.
- It isn't Harm on record, because there's no serious confirmed problem on its record.
- Lacks transparency is still a poor grade: in supply chains like this, workers who can't be seen to be treated fairly are usually underpaid or unprotected.
Good requirements 1 of 6
- Not met: Pays a living wage, or holds a strong fair-pay certificationLiving wage: no evidence
- Not met: Respects worker rightsJudged on where its products are made: worker rights are poorly protected in the United States, China and Vietnam.
- Not met: Supply chain independently audited or certified, or at least 80% made in countries with strong labour standards
- Met: No child or forced labour findings or links
- Not met: Names the factories or farms that make its products, or is fully certified by a scheme that holds and audits that list
- Not met: Traces the silicon in its panels to the smelter or quartz mine, outside Xinjiang (for batteries and inverters: traces its battery metals to the mine)
Red flags 2
- Red flag: No evidence it pays a living wage
- Red flag: Relies on battery metals it can't trace to the mine
- Red flag: Fails its category's raw-material check (means Lacks transparency)
Stars it would earn as Good
None yet. Stars only show on Good companies. About stars
Where it's made
Enphase Energy names some of the countries it makes in: the United States. The rest is shown as where solar panels and batteries are usually made.
| Country | Worker rights | Legal minimum wage | Forced labour risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Systematic violations | Below a living wage | Low |
| ChinaUsual for the industry | No guarantee of rights | Below a living wage | Moderate |
| VietnamUsual for the industry | Systematic violations | Well below a living wage | Moderate |
| MalaysiaUsual for the industry | No guarantee of rights | Below a living wage | Moderate |
| South KoreaUsual for the industry | No guarantee of rights | Close to a living wage | Low |
Evidence
What we found
- Risk across the industry, not a finding about this company: battery cells and inverters rely on cobalt, lithium, graphite and nickel from mines and refineries linked to child and forced labour in DR Congo, Indonesia and Xinjiang.
- Sells no crystalline-silicon solar panels (batteries, inverters or thin-film panels only)
- Modern slavery statement
- Relies on cobalt, lithium, graphite and nickel from mines and refineries linked to child and forced labour in DR Congo, Indonesia and Xinjiang. It hasn't shown any steps to trace the metals in its batteries to the mine, so it's graded Lacks transparency until it does.
Research notes Enphase outsources manufacturing to Flex, Salcomp and Sunwoda, and says it ships microinverters and IQ batteries from contract plants in South Carolina, Texas and elsewhere in the US; it says some products are still made outside the US without naming the countries, and it closed its Mexican plant in 2025. It audits its contract makers at least annually, uses lithium iron phosphate batteries with no cobalt, and files an annual conflict minerals report, but it publishes no list of its component suppliers or battery-cell makers and no trace of battery metals to the mine. No labour abuses involving Enphase or its suppliers were found.
What independent sources say
| Source | Result | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Australian Modern Slavery Register | Listed | Enphase Energy Australia Pty. Ltd. has lodged a modern slavery statement for the 2025 calendar year. View |
| US forced-labour import bans (UFLPA Entity List, CBP Withhold Release Orders) | Not listed | Enphase is not on the US forced labour (UFLPA) Entity List (checked November 2026). View |
| Solar Stewardship Initiative certified sites | Not listed | Enphase has no site on the Solar Stewardship Initiative's list of certified sites (checked November 2026). View |
Sources and actions
Sources 6
Show all 6 sources
- Solar Stewardship Initiative certified sites · search the archive · Enphase not among certified sites
- Enphase Energy Form 10-K, FY2024 (SEC) · search the archive · Flex, Salcomp and Sunwoda assemble products; US plants in South Carolina and Texas; some products made outside US; Mexico plant ending 2025
- UFLPA Entity List (US Department of Homeland Security) · search the archive · Enphase not listed
- Dive Brief: Enphase third manufacturing site, Arlington, Texas (Manufacturing Dive, 2023) · search the archive · Microinverter contract plants at Salcomp (Texas), Foxconn (Wisconsin), Flex (South Carolina), Flex (Romania)
Published by Enphase Energy or its owner
- Enphase ESG Report · search the archive · Annual audits of all contract manufacturers; no cobalt in batteries (LFP); conflict minerals disclosure updated annually
- Enphase Energy Australia modern slavery statement 2025 · search the archive · Statement lodged on the Australian register
Company details
- Headquarters
- United States
- Last researched
- 3 November 2026
- Cite this page
- Labour Lens, "Is Enphase Energy ethical? Labour rating", https://www.labourlens.net/brand/enphase, last researched 3 November 2026, accessed [date].
- Method
- Researched with AI assistance against published rules. How we check · What Lacks transparency means
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Something missing or wrong?
Grades are opinions based on the evidence listed here. Send us evidence, or a right of reply if you represent Enphase Energy.